Estimating Permeability in Carbonates Using the Rock-Fabric Method
F. Jerry Lucia
Bureau of Economic Geology
 
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Glossary

 

Archie Equations: three empirical relationships between well log resistivity measurements and the properties of porous, nonshaly sandstone, formulated by G. E. Archie (1942). The Archie equations are the foundations of quantitative well-log analysis in hydrocarbon reservoirs. They have been elaborated and their constants refined for specific reservoirs, rock types, and subsurface conditions.

Capillary Pressure: the pressure differential across a meniscus surface; the pressure required to force a non-wetting fluid through pore space.

Displacement Pressure: the pressure at which a non-wetting fluid first enters the matrix pore space.

Dolograinstone: grainstone that has been completely dolomitized

Dolomitization: The process by which limestone is wholly or partly converted to dolomite by the replacement of the original calcium carbonate (calcite) by magnesium carbonate (dolomite).

Dolomudstone: mudstone that has been completely dolomitized.

Dolostone: a term used to describe the sedimentary rock composed of dolomite so as to avoid confusion with the mineral dolomite.

Dolowackestone: wackestone that has been completely dolomitized.

Grain-dominated dolopackstone: grain-dominated packstone that has been completely dolomitized.

Grain-dominated Fabrics: rock fabrics that are grain supported with open or occluded intergrain porosity.

Grain-dominated Packstone:
fabric that is grain supported with both intergrain lime mud and open or occluded intergrain pore space.

Grainstone: fabric that is grain supported with no intergrain lime mud present.

Intragrain microporosity: a type of separate vug composed of very small pores within a grain.

Interparticle pore space: pore space located between, but not significantly larger than, the grains or crystals of the rock

Limestone: a sedimentary rock consisting chiefly (more than 50% by weight or by areal percentages under the microscope) of calcium carbonate, primarily in the form of the mineral calcite, and with or without magnesium carbonate; specifically, a carbonate sedimentary rock containing more than 95% calcite and less than 5% dolomite. Common minor constituents include silica (chalcedony), feldspar, clays, pyrite, and siderite.

Moldic Pore Space: pore space formed by the dissolution of grains; also referred to as grain molds.

Mud-dominated dolopackstone: mud-dominated packstone that has been completely dolomitized.

Mud-dominated fabrics: rock fabrics that are grain or mud supported, and in which the areas between the grains are filled with mud.

Mud-dominated packstone:
fabric that is grain supported with intergrain volume filled with lime mud.

Mudstone:
fabric that is mud supported with less than 10 percent grains.

Overburden pressure: the vertical pressure at a point in the earth's crust, equal to the pressure caused by the weight of a column of the overlying rock or soil.

Permeability: the property or capacity of a porous rock, sediment, or soil for transmitting a fluid; it is a measure of the relative ease of fluid flow under unequal pressure. The customary unit of measurement is the millidarcy.

Petrophysical class: petrophysical characterization of rock fabrics

Porosity: Pore volume divided by bulk volume, commonly expressed as a percentage.

Rock fabric: geologic description of basic fabric from core and thin section examination including, but not limited to: grainstone, grain-dominated packstone, mud-dominated packstone, wackestone, mudstone, dolomite crystal size, separate vugs, and touching vugs.

Rock-fabric number: A value used in the global transform along with interparticle porosity to calculate permeability, and is an expansion of petrophysical class.

Separate vugs: vugs that are interconnected only through the interparticle pore network.

Saturation: fraction of porosity filled with a specific fluid, i.e. water, oil or gas.

Touching Vug: vuggy pore space that forms an interconnected pore system.

Vuggy Pore Space: pore space significantly larger than or within the particles of the rock.

Wackestone: fabric that is mud-supported with more than 10 percent grains.


© 2003 American Geological Institute and American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All Rights Reserved.