Archie
Equations: three
empirical relationships between well log resistivity measurements
and the properties of porous, nonshaly sandstone, formulated by G.
E. Archie (1942). The Archie equations are the foundations of quantitative
well-log analysis in hydrocarbon reservoirs. They have been elaborated
and their constants refined for specific reservoirs, rock types, and
subsurface conditions.
Capillary
Pressure: the pressure differential across a meniscus surface;
the pressure required to force a non-wetting fluid through pore
space.
Displacement
Pressure: the pressure at which a non-wetting fluid first enters
the matrix pore space.
Dolograinstone:
grainstone that has been completely dolomitized
Dolomitization:
The process by which limestone is wholly or partly converted to
dolomite by the replacement of the original calcium carbonate (calcite)
by magnesium carbonate (dolomite).
Dolomudstone:
mudstone that has been completely dolomitized.
Dolostone:
a term used to describe the sedimentary rock composed of dolomite
so as to avoid confusion with the mineral dolomite.
Dolowackestone:
wackestone that has been completely dolomitized.
Grain-dominated
dolopackstone: grain-dominated packstone that has been completely
dolomitized.
Grain-dominated
Fabrics: rock fabrics that are
grain supported with open or occluded intergrain porosity.
Grain-dominated Packstone: fabric
that is grain supported with both intergrain
lime mud and open or occluded intergrain pore space.
Grainstone:
fabric
that is grain supported with no intergrain lime mud present.
Intragrain
microporosity: a type of separate vug composed of very small
pores within a grain.
Interparticle
pore space: pore space located between, but not significantly
larger than, the grains or crystals of the rock
Limestone:
a sedimentary rock consisting chiefly (more than 50% by weight or
by areal percentages under the microscope) of calcium carbonate,
primarily in the form of the mineral calcite, and with or without
magnesium carbonate; specifically, a carbonate sedimentary rock
containing more than 95% calcite and less than 5% dolomite. Common
minor constituents include silica (chalcedony), feldspar, clays,
pyrite, and siderite.
Moldic
Pore Space: pore space formed by the dissolution of grains;
also referred to as grain molds.
Mud-dominated
dolopackstone: mud-dominated
packstone that has been completely dolomitized.
Mud-dominated
fabrics:
rock fabrics that are grain or mud supported, and in which the areas
between the grains are filled with mud.
Mud-dominated packstone: fabric
that is grain supported with intergrain volume filled with lime
mud.
Mudstone: fabric
that is mud supported with less than 10 percent grains.
Overburden
pressure: the vertical pressure at a point in the earth's crust,
equal to the pressure caused by the weight of a column of the overlying
rock or soil.
Permeability:
the property or capacity of a porous rock, sediment, or soil
for transmitting a fluid; it is a measure of the relative ease of
fluid flow under unequal pressure. The customary unit of measurement
is the millidarcy.
Petrophysical
class: petrophysical characterization of rock fabrics
Porosity:
Pore volume divided by bulk volume, commonly expressed as a
percentage.
Rock
fabric: geologic description of basic fabric from core and thin
section examination including, but not limited to: grainstone, grain-dominated
packstone, mud-dominated packstone, wackestone, mudstone, dolomite
crystal size, separate vugs, and touching vugs.
Rock-fabric
number: A value used in the global transform along with interparticle
porosity to calculate permeability, and is an expansion of petrophysical
class.
Separate
vugs: vugs that are interconnected only through the interparticle
pore network.
Saturation:
fraction of porosity filled with a specific fluid, i.e. water, oil
or gas.
Touching
Vug: vuggy pore space that forms an interconnected pore system.
Vuggy
Pore Space: pore space significantly larger than or within the
particles of the rock.
Wackestone:
fabric
that is mud-supported with more than 10 percent grains.
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